A national survey finds that one out of every 25 people in the hospital gets a new infection while there. A study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says that in 2001, about 650,000 Americans got infected while in the hospital. And about 11 percent of hospital infections turn deadly.
This survey is the first time the CDC has attempted to catalog all hospital infections, not just the infections on their watch list. Researchers surveyed 183 hospitals nationwide, emphasizing smaller community hospitals.
"One of the most common things affecting patients in the survey was pneumonia," says Dr. Michael Bell, deputy director of the division of healthcare quality promotion at the CDC. The CDC had already been tracking pneumonias that occur in people who are on mechanical ventilators. But, it turns out, "a good proportion of it was pneumonias in patients who were not in the intensive care unit."
The finding suggests hospitals could reduce their pneumonia rates by doing more to prevent patients from inhaling food particles — a known cause of the lung ailment. So there are clues in this study that can improve treatment.
But the overall numbers show there's still a long way to go. The 2011 survey, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, found that 4 percent of people hospitalized picked up an infection, and of those, about 11 percent died.
"Although there has been some progress, today and every day, more than 200 Americans with healthcare-associated infections will die during their hospital stay," said CDC Director Dr. Tom Frieden. That translates to more than 70,000 deaths a year caused by hospital infections.
Some gains have been made in certain procedures, Bell says — for example when physicians or nurses insert a catheter tube.
"By doing things right when you put the catheter in," he says, "we can drive down infection rates because of those catheters by 70 percent."
But those specific improvements still leave hospital patients at significant risk.
"It's sobering to realize that despite all those efforts we still have this level of problem," says Dr. Brad Spellberg at the Harbor UCLA Medical Center. And it won't be an easy fix, he says. "If we depend on changing human behavior as the only implementation tool to prevent infections, we're going to plateau."
Instead, Spellberg argues we need new germ-killing technology, including new vaccines that target common hospital infections.
"We need to be much better as a health care delivery system in this country, at preventing hospital admissions and getting people out of hospitals much faster," Spellberg says, "because if you're not in the hospital, you won't get a health-care associated infection."
He congratulates the CDC for finally finding the money to do a broad survey like this. But Europe, he notes, conducts this kind of survey on an ongoing basis. Patients, as well as health-care researchers, can go online any time to see annual statistics for hospital infections. He says that's what we need in the United States.
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