—Documentary Examines the History of African Americans on the Road from the 1930s to the 1960s and Beyond—
“Driving While Black: Race, Space And Mobility In America,” is a ground-breaking, two-hour documentary film by acclaimed historian Dr. Gretchen Sorin and Emmy–winning director Ric Burns.
Chronicling the riveting history and personal experiences – at once liberating and challenging, harrowing and inspiring, deeply revealing and profoundly transforming — of African Americans on the road from the advent of the automobile through the seismic changes of the 1960s and beyond — “Driving While Black” explores the deep background of a recent phrase rooted in realities that have been an indelible part of the African American experience for hundreds of years — told in large part through the stories of the men, women and children who lived through it.
Drawing on a wealth of recent scholarship – and based on and inspired in large part by Gretchen Sorin’s recently published study of the way the automobile and highways transformed African American life across the 20th century (Driving While Black: African American Travel and the Road to Civil Rights W.W. Norton, 2020) – the film examines the history of African Americans on the road from the depths of the Depression to the height of the Civil Rights movement and beyond, exploring along the way the deeply embedded dynamics of race, space and mobility in America during one of the most turbulent and transformative periods in American history.
“Driving while Black,” the writer and scholar Herb Boyd says in the film, “entails so much more than the simply driving while Black. It's living while Black. It's sleeping while Black. It’s eating while Black. It’s moving while Black. So, when we start talking about the restrictions placed on Black movement in this country, that's a long history. That goes all the way back to day one. And so, you have to get to the root of it.”
The right to move freely and safely across the American landscape has always been unequally distributed by race and powerfully contested in the American experience.
With urgent and powerful relevance to issues and dynamics at work in American society today — of race and class, gender, safety, law enforcement, automobile culture, recreation, personal freedom and national identity — this resonant and deeply moving history is at once revelatory, troubling and deeply inspiring for what it uncovers about the long road to justice in American history, and about the creativity, courage and commitment to change that makes it possible.
Filmmaker Quotes:
“I think this story resonates tremendously with Americans, both Black and white, because everyone understands and remembers driving or riding in an automobile, and many people have the experience of going on an annual family vacation,” Sorin said. “But while these vacations may be fairly universal American experiences, Black and white travelers went down parallel roads, and the experience for Black drivers on the road is something unknown to most white Americans. For African Americans, travel by automobile during the 20th century posed a paradox: although cars freed them from the tyranny of the Jim Crow bus or train, they faced intimidation and even violence when they ventured out on the road.”
Sorin, a Distinguished Professor and Director of the Cooperstown Graduate Program, started her research more than 20 years ago as an exhibition curator assembling visual records and oral histories of how the automobile provided greater mobility for Black Americans while further exposing them to systemic racism across the country.
As she began her book, she approached Ric Burns to work with her on a film. Sorin met Burns while serving as commentator for his 1999 film “New York: A Documentary Film.”
“Working with Gretchen on this film has been one of the great joys of my life,” Burns said. “Nothing is more American than the dream of mobility, which has throughout our history been accompanied by the reality of racism. Sorin’s research has allowed us to assemble a moving, visual story that shows the joy and liberation that accompanied the freedom promised by the automobile and the daily struggle for Black Americans to seek their independence in a country that, to this day, does not fully acknowledge how systemic racism defines much of our history.”
“Driving While Black: utilizes a rich archive of material from the period — including footage, photographs, advertisements, road signs, maps, letters and legal records — and weaves together oral histories and the on-camera insights of scholars, writers, musicians and ordinary American travelers.
The film includes interviews with African Americans sharing their personal stories, along with some of the country’s leading historians, authors and journalists, including:
- Eric Avila (Professor of History, UCLA)
- Tamara Banks (Journalist)
- Herb Boyd (Author)
- Leah Chase (Owner, Dooky Chase Restaurant)
- Spencer Crew (Interim Director, National Museum of African American History and Culture, Smithsonian)
- Walter Edwards (Chairman, Harlem Business Alliance)
- Lolis Eric Elie (Writer)
- Carolyn Finney (Author)
- Kathleen Franz (Author)
- Alvin Hall, (Journalist)
- Allyson Hobbs, (Professor of History, Stanford University)
- Kenneth Jackson (Professor of History and Social Sciences, Columbia University)
- Jennifer Reut (Architectural Historian)
- Fath Ruffins (Curator, African American History and Culture in the Division of Home and Community Life in the Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History)
- Thomas J. Sugrue (Professor of History, New York University)
- Candacy Taylor (Author)
- Christopher West (Professor of History, Pasadena City College)
- Craig Steven Wilder (Professor of History, Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
The film delves deeply into the history of “The Green Book,” the travel guide authored by New York City mailman Victor Hugo Green.
From a first edition focused on the Northeast, Green expanded his guide to include much of the country, providing travel tips for African Americans driving, including safe and welcoming places to stop, dine and rest, as well as places to avoid, given the potential for racially motivated violence.
“Vacation without aggravation,” the book advised African American families planning a road trip.
“Driving While Black” reveals the urgency of challenging assumptions about inclusion and access to the American dream.
As the historian Craig Wilder says in the film, “For me, the term ‘driving while Black’ isn't just a slogan, it's not just part of our political rhetoric, it's not just something we say to remind ourselves of the persistence of racism in the United States. It's a very personal experience of remembering, in fact, the anxiety, the fear, the concern that my mother and parents across the United States have as their children mature and as they try to equip them with the information that they need to negotiate our society.”
Watch On Your Schedule:
This film is available on demand on all station-branded PBS platforms, including PBS.org and the PBS Video App, available on iOS, Android, Roku streaming devices, Apple TV, Android TV, Amazon Fire TV, Samsung Smart TV and Chromecast.
Join The Conversation:
"Driving While Black" is on Facebook. Follow @DWBdocumentary on Twitter. #DrivingWhileBlack
Credits:
Directed by Gretchen Sorin and Ric Burns, executive produced by Margaret Munzer Loeb, produced by Emily Pfeil, Emir Lewis, Kathryn Clinard, co-produced by Greg Sorin and edited by Emir Lewis.
