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Saint Augustine was among the saints who pushed some of the bans and policies that may have paved the way for a breakdown of extended family networks in Western Europe during the Middle Ages.

Western Individualism May Have Roots In The Medieval Church's Obsession With Incest

Researchers combed Vatican archives to find records of how ancient church policies shaped Western values and family structures today.

A child plays near communist-era apartment blocks in Hoyerswerda, Germany. After the collapse of the communist East German government that had redeveloped the area into an industrial hub, factories shut down and coal production declined. The population has sunk below 33,000 — about half its size before the fall of the Berlin Wall.

In German Coal Country, This Former Socialist Model City Has Shrunk In Half

Thirty years after the Berlin Wall fell, Hoyerswerda is struggling to thrive, a far-right party has gained popularity and many residents worry about the future when Germany phases out coal.

Even if optimism doesn't come naturally, it can be taught, researchers say. Therapists can help you practice reframing your expectations, to cultivate a sunnier outlook.

Optimists For The Win: Finding The Bright Side Might Help You Live Longer

Pessimists may suspect this finding, but researchers who tracked the health outcomes of thousands of adults across many years found optimists were much more likely to reach 85. Optimism is teachable.

A blood transfusion bag hangs in an operating room in a hospital in the Republic of Congo. Most countries in sub-Saharan Africa have a huge gap between blood supply and demand, new research found.

Hospitals Around The World Have A Dire Shortage Of Blood

The first global analysis of blood supply and demand finds that many developing countries are relying on risky emergency donations.

City of San Diego’s Chief Information Security Officer Darren Bennett speaks with students inside a classroom at University of San Diego about cyber security, June 25, 2018.

Some San Diego Students Are Spending Part Of Summer Learning About Cyber Security

At the University of San Diego, some highs school students are not taking a traditional summer camp, they are learning how to create and protect computer programs.

Scooters and bicycles are spreading across several major U.S. cities while policymakers are scrambling to find ways to ensure that riders are safe.

As E-Scooters Roll Into American Cities, So Do Safety Concerns

Electric scooters zoom through traffic in many cities these days, and have the potential to take cars off the road. But experts worry that the many riders who forgo safety gear are taking big risks.

Russian research vessel Akademik Fedorov helped search for the MOSAiC ice floe. It made its way through the ice of the central Arctic Ocean.

Searching For Solid Ice As Scientists 'Freeze In' To Study A Warming Arctic

A ship of researchers is crossing the Arctic for a year attached to an ice floe. But finding the right chunk of sea ice was a challenge, in part because warmer temperatures are making it thinner.

Bobby Gillespie onstage with Primal Scream, circa 2000.

Pills, Police And Endless War: 20 Years Ago, Primal Scream Saw Our Future

The Scottish band's 2000 album XTRMNTR isn't as well remembered as its thematic twin, Radiohead's Kid A. But its dark premonition of a world in socioeconomic crisis looks startlingly accurate today.

Michigan State University has named Samuel Stanley Jr. as its 21st president.

After Tumult Over Nassar Scandal, Michigan State University Gets A New President

Two former presidents of MSU have resigned since January 2018. Each were caught up in the trial and sentencing of former university sports doctor Larry Nassar, who sexually abused his female patients.

A family sells pastries in Mexico City. As Mexicans' wages have risen, their average daily intake of calories has soared.

Malnutrition Hits The Obese As Well As The Underfed

New research finds millions of people are getting enough calories but not enough essential nutrients. We asked leading researchers how to fix the problem.

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