The number of students enrolled in TK has grown each year, but it is still far less than the number of eligible 4-year-olds.
With the rollout of TK, California has increased the percentage of 4-year-oldsย enrolled in publicly funded preschool programs, which also include state-subsidized preschool, Head Start programs and vouchers for low-income children to use in any child care program. According to the Learning Policy Institute, 55% of all 4-year-oldsย were enrolled in one of these options in 2023-24, up from 37% in 2019-20. The majority of these children were in TK.
It is unclear how many of the other 45% of 4-year-olds enrolled in private preschool or stayed home.
โItโs a problem if children donโt know about it, or their families are not choosing it because itโs perceived to be low quality, but if itโs in fact that families prefer something else and those children are equally prepared for kindergarten, then itโs OK. We donโt really have the answers to those questions,โ said Laura Hill, policy director and senior fellow at the Public Policy Institute of California.
She said preschool and child care providers surveyed by PPIC have said they are losing some children to TK.
Awareness of TK is a problem, according to a Stanford Center on Early Childhood survey.
While 90% of families with small children said theyโd like to enroll their little ones in a transitional kindergarten-style program, only 65% reported knowing TK was available, down from 83% the year before, according to the Stanford Center on Early Childhood. That means only 2 out of 3 California parents of children under age 6 had even heard about TK before taking the Stanford survey. Of these parents, lower-income families (64%) were less likely to know about TK compared to middle-class (74%) and higher-income families (81%).
โYou canโt do one big splashy rollout and then expect everybody to keep up,โ said Abigail Stewart-Kahn, managing director at the Stanford Center on Early Childhood. โThe higher-income folks might hear about it from the news coverage, but lower-income folks, who frankly are just busier, might need to have trusted messengers, such as pediatricians, spread the word.โ
One of the tricky issues is that there is always a new crop of parents who have never heard of TK. Marketing and communication canโt be a one-and-done process.
โDistricts have work to do to market TK to families,โ said Scott Moore, who runs Kidango, a nonprofit child care organization. โJust a few years ago, in 2022, only 25% of 4-year-olds were eligible for TK, so a 65% awareness rate is not surprising, even though it needs to be improved.
The incremental expansion of TK also created rolling admission dates pegged to birthdays that confused many families. Clarity has long been lacking in the preschool space, according to Bruce Fuller, a professor of education and public policy at UC Berkeley, who says the early education system in California is โoverly complex and confusing for parents,โ a maze of programs that parents must puzzle through.