Four days a week, Micah Swimmer facilitates an all-day language session between young adults who are learning Eastern Band Cherokee and older, fluent speakers.
He points to the back of his classroom at the New Kituwah Academy in Cherokee, N.C. It's early September, and sheets of paper on a bulletin board display the names of 226 Eastern Band Cherokee members.
"That's all we have out of [about] 16,000 enrolled members," he says. "That's all we have left that are fluent speakers."
The Eastern Band Cherokee have been speaking their native language in the mountains of what is now North Carolina for more than 1,000 years. But today, most of the remaining speakers are over 50 years old. And many of those who teach the language — including Micah and his younger brother, Jakeli Swimmer — aren't fluent.
Like many other Native Americans, the Swimmers have been struggling to save their language from extinction. According to UNESCO, their Eastern Band Cherokee dialect is "severely endangered."
"If we're not speaking Cherokee, then what are we?"
About 40 miles away, in the small mountain town of Robbinsville, Jakeli teaches his Cherokee language and culture at a public elementary school. He travels from classroom to classroom, giving half-hour lessons on folklore and vocabulary using his own illustrated slides.
Both brothers say they're working to preserve their Cherokee culture, as well as their own heritage and identity.
"I mean, if we're not speaking Cherokee, then what are we?" Jakeli asks. "It's what makes us unique."
And they're running out of time. Jakeli estimates the tribe has about 30 years left before the last aging speaker is gone.
For the Swimmers, learning the language hasn't been easy. They picked up some vocabulary from their grandmother when they were children, and both took Cherokee language classes in high school and college.
Sometimes when the brothers talk on the phone, they'll start out speaking Cherokee. Jakeli says, "We talk until we're uncomfortable, which is a few sentences."
When Jakeli learns new phrases, he records them in a little black notebook he carries around with him. (He recently learned the phrase tsal-shin-de-sdi, or ᎶᎳᏏᏁᏕᏍᏗ in Cherokee script, which means "be careful.")
"This book is my lifeblood," he says. "This little thing is what's keeping me driven."
"There aren't teachers to teach these classes"
Native American language programs are often staffed by instructors who aren't fluent.
"There aren't teachers to teach these classes," says Jioanna Carjuzaa, head of Montana State University's Center for Bilingual and Multicultural Education.
Carjuzaa works with Native American language programs around the country. She explains that through the 1970s, when many of today's fluent speakers were young, schools often discouraged students from speaking Native languages, sometimes even punishing them for it. English dominated, and parents stopped passing their Native languages on. A generation gap emerged, and today many tribes are working to overcome it.
"Speakers in multiple generations is how you save a language or keep it vibrant," she says.
Jakeli and Micah know what can happen when a generation loses its language. Their parents weren't fluent, but their grandmother was. Jakeli says he wishes he had spent more time listening to her when he was little, at an age when he could have just soaked up her words.
"There [were] some days Grandma would just speak Cherokee and it'd just kind of click," he remembers.
Their grandmother, Amanda Swimmer, died in November at the age of 97. Soon after, Micah took her off his list of remaining Cherokee speakers — one of five names he has removed since September.
And with her death came a larger responsibility.
Jakeli says his cousin turned to him the night she died.
"It's up to you now," he told him. "You have to learn it and speak it right."
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