Few Americans eat horse meat, and many don't like the idea of horses being slaughtered. But a handful of investors are struggling to restart a horse-slaughter industry in the U.S.
Thousands of American horses are already slaughtered for the European and Asian markets for horse meat each year in Mexico and Canada.
Proponents of reviving the U.S. slaughterhouses argue that they would be good for the horse business, and more humane than the current situation of shipping them across the borders. The issue cleaves horse owners into two camps: those that view horses as pets, and those who see them as livestock.
'We Have Standards'
Cynthia MacPherson led efforts to kill two proposed horse slaughterhouses in southern Missouri. To her, it would be like slaughtering pets.
"If you said, 'I'm going to open a puppy mill to breed dogs because people in China and people in France want to eat dog meat,' I think there'd be a big public outcry. And that's what we have here," she says.
Public opposition has hounded horse slaughter since Congress funded inspections for it a couple of years ago. U.S. Humane Society President Wayne Pacelle argues that horses suffer more than other animals at slaughter. He also contends that the meat is dangerous, since horses can be treated with drugs not allowed in animals raised specifically for food.
"We have standards. We have values in society. You don't just opportunistically harvest whatever animal is around," Pacelle says.
Assets or Pets?
Sue Wallis, a Wyoming lawmaker with a dozen horses, says there are two "very different styles" of meat production going on. She says fattening up animals fast -- and slaughtering them young -- is the modern way to produce meat. Horse slaughter, she says, follows an older model.
"Chickens for eggs, lambs for wool, cows for milk, horses for work, and when their useful, productive life has passed, then you turn them into meat," she says.
For Wallis, horses are livestock first and companions second -- more assets than pets. And that's common in rural areas.
In Jamesport, Mo., horse-drawn buggies park next to cars. Elmer Beechy, a wiry man sporting a faded black hat and a beard, runs a shop that sells horse equipment.
"I really love horses. But when they're no good to me, what are you going to do with them? We don't want to take 'em out back and shoot 'em," he says. "They may just as well be slaughtered, and get some use out of them."
Meat for horse eaters, money for horse owners.
Until they were shut down, domestic slaughterhouses provided a ready market for old, hobbled or unruly steeds. It made horses more valuable. Beechy says shutting it down has spurred a glut of unwanted and neglected animals.
"There's a lot of horses out there in the pasture, hurting. Some of them linger three or four years, suffer every day. And the slaughter's the best place for them," he says.
Domestic slaughter, he means. The long hauls to slaughter plants in Canada and Mexico can brutalize the animals, and burn up the seller's profit. So thousands of horses have just been abandoned on Indian reservations, cow pastures and public lands.
"People will just stop and open the trailer and turn 'em out and drive off," says Jim Smith, who maintains a wild horse refuge in the Missouri Ozarks. As far as he's is concerned, the solution lies in opening what he calls "killer plants."
In The Market
Dave Rains shows off his home-made "knock box," a lightly padded steel cage built to confine a horse that's about to be shot in the head. Necessary business, he says, but not work he's looking forward to.
"It's hard, but it's a better end than a slow, painful death, and that's what a lot of these horses are going through right now," he says.
Rain's finances are suffering, too. He built this plant on the corner of his farm near Jamesport to process naturally raised beef and pork. When big companies saturated that marketplace, he put in for a permit to butcher horses. He expected to be in business this time last year.
"I knew there'd be some opposition, but I never dreamed it would be at the level that it has been," Rain says.
A lawsuit, backed by the Humane Society, now stands between Rains and a state permit. A plant in New Mexico is also embroiled in litigation.
Rains has picked up work driving a school bus to help make ends meet and keep his own saddle horses fed, while he waits to find out whether or not horses will once again be slaughtered in the U.S.
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